21st February 2025 • 0 comments

Evaluation of population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, EG.5.1, FY.4, BA.2.86, JN.1, JN.1.4, and KP.3.1.1 using samples from two health demographic surveillance systems in Kenya

by Doreen Lugano, Bernadette Kutima, Makobu Kimani, Antipa Sigilai, John Gitonga, Angela Karani,, Donald Akech, Boniface Karia, Abdhalah K. Ziraba, Angela Maina, Arnold Lambisia, Donwilliams Omuoyo, Daisy Mugo, Ruth Lucinde, Sharon Owuor, Gloria Konyino, Joseph Newman, Dalan Bailey,, Eunice Nduati, George Githinji, Charles N. Agoti, Philip Bejon, J. Anthony G. Scott,, Ambrose Agweyu, Wangeci Kagucia, George M. Warimwe, Charles Sande, Lynette I. Ochola-Oyier, James Nyagwange
10th January 2025 • 0 comments

A previously unknown strain of Mpox is spreading near DRC’s border with Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda. Linda Geddes spoke to Leandre Murhula Masirika, Jean Claude Udahemuka and Trudie Lang who are working to understand and contain the virus.

31st July 2024 • 0 comments
21st May 2024 • 0 comments
22nd April 2024 • 0 comments

Non-pharmaceutical interventions and the emergence of pathogen variants

by Ben Ashby, Cameron A Smith, Robin N Thompson
12th March 2024 • 0 comments

Emerging pathogen evolution

by Camille Bonneaud, Ben Longdon
12th March 2024 • 0 comments

SARS-CoV-2, like other coronaviruses, builds a membrane-bound replication organelle (RO) to enable RNA replication1. The SARS-CoV-2 RO is composed of double membrane vesicles (DMVs) tethered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by thin membrane connectors2, but the viral proteins and the host factors involved are currently unknown. Here we identify the viral non-structural proteins (NSPs) that generate the SARS-CoV-2 RO. NSP3 and NSP4 generate the DMVs while NSP6, through oligomerization and an amphipathic helix, zippers ER membranes and establishes the connectors. The NSP6ΔSGF mutant, which arose independently in the α, β, γ, η, ι, and λ variants of SARS-CoV-2, behaves as a gain-of-function mutant with a higher ER-zippering activity. We identified three main roles for NSP6: to act as a filter in RO-ER communication allowing lipid flow but restricting access of ER luminal proteins to the DMVs, to position and organize DMV clusters, and to mediate contact with lipid droplets (LDs) via the LD-tethering complex DFCP1-Rab18. NSP6 thus acts as an organizer of DMV clusters and can provide a selective track to refurbish them with LD-derived lipids. Importantly, both properly formed NSP6 connectors and LDs are required for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Our findings, uncovering the biological activity of NSP6 of SARS-CoV-2 and of other coronaviruses, have the potential to fuel the search for broad antiviral agents.

10th June 2022 • 0 comments

SARS-CoV-2 has undergone progressive change with variants conferring advantage rapidly becoming dominant lineages e.g. B.1.617. With apparent increased transmissibility variant B.1.617.2 has contributed to the current wave of infection ravaging the Indian subcontinent and has been designated a variant of concern in the UK. 

29th June 2021 • 0 comments