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Post-pandemic T-cell Responses Cross-recognize Animal Sarbecoviruses with Spillover Potential

Abstract

We studied T-cell responses to five sarbecoviruses, possessing human ACE2 binding properties (SAR-CoV-1&2, pangolin coronavirus GX-P4L, and bat coronaviruses RSYN04 & Khosta2), and MERS-CoV. PBMCs were collected before and after vaccination from healthcare-workers in the UK and Vietnam. Strong T-cell responses to the tested sarbecoviruses were observed in post-vaccination samples only, with a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. There was a strong correlation between the level of T-cell responses and the degree of sequence homology and consistent across the UK and Vietnam. There may be partial protection from the post-pandemic T-cell response landscape against sarbecoviruses that have the potential to cause spillover.